Which of the following best defines an indirect measurement?

An indirect measurement is best defined as a calculation based on other measurable quantities. This approach involves deriving the value of a measurement that cannot be directly obtained by utilizing relationships or known values from other measurements. For instance, you might determine a height using the length of a shadow and the angle of elevation of the sun, rather than measuring the height directly.

In contrast, direct observations or measurements typically involve straightforward tools or methods to capture data without making calculations based on other data points. This means that while direct measurements give us values through direct observation or tools designed for accuracy, indirect measurements leverage mathematical relationships and principles to infer results from related quantities. Therefore, the key component of indirect measurement is its reliance on calculations rather than direct measurement techniques.